1920s Dbq - 811 Words

Tension of The 1920’s Following the First World War, the United States went in search of a, â€Å"return to normalcy,† which many agreed was exactly what it needed. However, to the dismay of many, all the United States could find was a significant amount of tension that had developed between, â€Å"Old America,† and, â€Å"New America.† All in all, this tension that arose between old and new traditions and ideas did so in the form of religion, conflicts within society, and cultural values. Religion was perhaps the biggest source of this tension in America. The most prominent of this conflict was that between fundamentalists, who interpreted the Bible literally, and modernists who were more readily willing to interpret the Bible more flexibly.†¦show more content†¦Document B perhaps shows an example of this change in idea, with a bridge, supposed to signify the path taken to change motives from past ideals, to new and more important ideals. Older g enerations often considered younger generations spoiled brats who wasted the technological marvels bestowed upon them. This tension between careful and free consumption gave rise to the Lost Generation of authors. Document A portrays one of these writers in particular, Lewis Sinclair. Sinclair criticized this excessive materialism as at first the signs, then the substitutes, for joy and passion and wisdom.† Such criticisms indicate the belief that such mindless consumption blinded Americans to intangible glories of the past. And yet, the conflict between old and new was not insurmountable. Document F describes one of the few people that could connect to both the old and young generations in Charles Lindberg. The Document goes on to say that his likeability, present in both New and Old America was perhaps the biggest thing that he had done. In the end, no one can dispute that the 1920’s presented seemingly insurmountable tension between, â€Å"Old America,† and, à ¢â‚¬Å"New America,† in terms of religion, social conflicts, and cultural values. This tension was masked in some places by the prosperity, brought on by the roaring twenties, but still remained at large. One good side effect of these tensions was brought about though, in the sense that many precedents, which are still followedShow MoreRelatedThe 1920s Dbq1644 Words   |  7 Pages1920’s DBQ Question: The 1920’s were a period of tension between new and changing attitudes on the one hand and traditional values and nostalgia on the other. What led to the tension between old and new AND in what ways was the tension manifested? Analyze these documents in pairs. You can use their textbooks and/or the power point we used in class to help build their understanding of the material. You should write a thesis statement, intro paragraph and outline a proposed answer. The outlineRead MoreEssay about Dbq 17: a National Clash of Cultures in the 1920’s968 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ 17: A National Clash of Cultures in the 1920’s With the arrival of the 1920’s, new battles fought between traditionalist rural society and modernist urban civilization arose in the postwar United States. These urban-rural culture wars of this time period represent the everlasting conflict between conservatives and liberals. The 1920 census demonstrated to traditionalists that their views were under attack by the modernists who gradually came to outnumber them. Traditionalists were disturbedRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pages2011 DBQ: (Form A) 1. Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the politicalRead MoreJust Whatever1974 Words   |  8 PagesA P European History Test Prep DBQ Free Response Questions For DBQ’s Always: 1. Provide an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question and does NOT simply restate the question. 2. Discuss a majority of the documents individually and specifically. 3. Demonstrate understanding of the basic meaning of a majority of the documents. 4. Support the thesis with appropriate interpretations of a majority of the documents. 5. Analyze point of view or bias in atRead MoreEssay on 1920s Dbq823 Words   |  4 PagesDevin Nishizaki Period 2 3/11/10 1920’s DBQ Beginning in the early 1920’s, America found itself in a frenzy of revolutionary movements that would shift the everyday lives of American citizens and pave the way to the modern era. A struggle between old ideas of conservatism and new liberal movements surfaced during the â€Å"roaring twenties†. The new movements that began rearing their heads during this time period consisted of liberal political ideas, the advancements of rightsRead MoreWorld War 2910 Words   |  4 Pages2/15/12 DBQ: World War II The Road to War During the early 1920 s many people thought that peace had finally been reached. However, in the late 1920 s and throughout the 1930 s, they realized that they were wrong. Dictators came into power in countries that were displeased with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan wanted power, so they took aggressive action that not even The League of Nations could stop. British Prime Minister Chamberlain thought that the best wayRead MoreSummary : Great Depression 1445 Words   |  6 PagesPhillip Durgin March 10th, 2016 G Block History Great Depression DBQ As â€Å"prosperity s decade† came to a symbolically harsh and sudden end on Thursday, October 24, 1929, the United States government, led by President Herbert Hoover, was thrown into the unknown. No such downturn had ever presented itself before, which compounded itself with the lack of economic understanding present at the time. Yet it had seemed that the economy was healthy before the crash. Employment was high and inflation wasRead MoreEssay on Roosevelt and Hoover DBQ1428 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt and Hoover DBQ The Great Depression quickly altered Americas view of liberalism and therefore, Roosevelt can be considered a liberal and Hoover a conservative, despite the fact that they did occasionally support very similar policies. The United States experienced political shifts during the Great Depression, which are described by Arthur Schlesinger’s analysis of eras in which public objectives were placed before personal concerns. It seems that the public view of what constitutesRead MoreDBQ world war 22318 Words   |  10 PagesName_______________________________________ Date____________________________ DBQ 21: Causes of World War II (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Even though the 1920’s began with a favorable outlook for peace, toward the end of the decade and throughout the 1930’s the clouds of war were forming. Dictators arose in countries that were dissatisfied with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy and Japan took aggressive actions, and neitherRead MoreUnited States And The Soviet Union1651 Words   |  7 PagesAmina Abdi AP US History Mr. Sutton 7 April, 2017 DBQ After the World War II, the tension between both the United States and the Soviet Union were extremely high. This mistrust between the two nations led to the Cold War that had lasted approximately 45 years before ending in 1991. Although the war had ended, Americans were still in fear of the spreading of communism that may affect their society as a whole. Americans also feared the Soviet Union’s new technological advances such as the launch of

Mgmt520 Week 1 Assignment Essay examples - 692 Words

1. This story is about the Supreme Court’s decision. What process did this case have to go through to get to the Supreme Court? Parties who are not satisfied with the decision of a lower court must petition the U.S. Supreme Court to hear their case. The primary means to petition the court for review is to ask it to grant a writ of certiorari. This is a request that the Supreme Court order a lower court to send up the record of the case for review (Supreme Court Decisions, 2015). 2. In the story, two justices wrote differing opinions about the issue. Discuss the differences between a majority opinion, a concurring opinion, and a dissenting opinion. What effect does each type of opinion have on the state of the law in America? The†¦show more content†¦Rule 23.1 governs derivative suits in which a plaintiff seeks to assert a right belonging to a corporation (or similar entity) in which the plaintiff is a shareholder, on behalf of the corporation that is not pursuing the claim itself. Rule 23.2 governs actions by or against unincorporated associations (Rule 23, 2009). Diversity of citizenship is one of the factors that will allow a federal district court to exercise its authority to hear a lawsuit. This authority is called diversity jurisdiction. It means that a case involving questions that must be answered according to state laws may be heard in federal court if the parties on the two sides of the case are from different states. No matter how many parties are involved in a lawsuit, there must be complete diversity in order for the federal court to exercise this type of authority. If a single plaintiff is a citizen of the same state as any defendant, there is no diversity and the case must be pursued in a state court (Diversity, n.d.). Because the defendants were from the same state as the plaintiff, this would not fall under a diversity of citizenship case. This case was about equal opportunity and gender discrimination not about diversity in the sense of cultural diversity. References Diversity of Citizenship legal definition of Diversity of Citizenship. (n.d.). Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mgt 520 Final Exam Study1408 Words   |  6 PagesMGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20  at 12:01 a.m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p.m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE – THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is open book, open notes. The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by then, you will be automatically

Why Gsm Tech Is More Preferred Than Cdma Tech in Yemen Free Essays

Research Proposal Why GSM Tech is more preferred than CDMA Tech in Yemen Prepared by: Khaled Al-Gahuri Prepared for: Dr. Murad Al-Nashmy Acknowledgement I am honored to prepare this research paper which titled â€Å"Why GSM Tech is more preferred than CDMA Tech in Yemen†. And I would like to pay my special thanks to Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Gsm Tech Is More Preferred Than Cdma Tech in Yemen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Murad Abstract The cellular industry is in Yemen dominated by two technologies – Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). This paper will provide an overview of the two different technologies and will focus on why people in Yemen preferred to use the GSM technology rather than CDM technology A even though CDMA technology introduced after GSM with a more privileges. 1 Table of Content ? ? Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 ? Chapter 1: Introduction —————————————–? ? ? ? ? Background †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Problem†¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Scope of study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 ? Chapter 2: Literature Review ——————————————? ? ? ? ? Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Consumer Choice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Perceived Service Quality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Choice of Handset†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Hypothesis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 ? Chapter 3: Methodology ——————————————? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Research Deign †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Population And Sampling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Data Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Time Schedule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 2 Chapter 1 Background Introduction The mobile industry in Yemen is divided between the two technologies GSM and CDMA. While the earlier service providers had adopted the GSM technology, the new players have been using CDMA technology has notched up a significant share of the Yemen market. The number of subscriber’s mobile industry has increased significantly since 2001. The first company lunched in Yemen introduced the GSM technology which was the only choose for Yemenis people to grant, but in 2005 other company has been lunched by the government introduced the CDMA technology which provide a better services for the clients with privileges to overcome the GSM technology. After around five years a big number of people have subscribed with CDMA, but GSM was still demonstrated the market with a bigger number of subscribers until nowadays. It is necessary for us to understand the basic differentiation of the two technologies as they may have an impact on the subscribers. GSM stand for Global System for Mobile Communications, one of the leading digital cellular systems. It uses narrow band TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. GSM was first introduced in 1991. As of the end of 1997, GSM service was available in more than 100 countries and has become the de facto standard in Europe and Asia. CDMA stand for Code-Division Multiple Access, a digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike competing systems, such as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence. CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built. 3 Problem Statement The tendency of choosing The GSM technology over the CDMA in Yemen is very obvious. Thus, there is a need to identify the factors that can influence the choice patterns of either GSM technology or CDMA technology as well as why consumers prefer to choose GSM rather than CDMA even though CDMA is has more privileges and uses advanced techniques. Objectives Our main objectives of this study are as following: To identify and analyze the factors that can influence the choice patterns of either GSM technology or CDMA technology. To investigate the relationship between those factors. To find out why GSM is more preferred than CDMA. Significance of the Study This research will help to recognize the factors that lead to the lack of use CDMA technology in Yemen as well as this study can contribute to the body of knowledge by examining the different variables and implement them. Scope of study The scope of this study is basically limited to the consumers o the mobile industry in Yemen. 4 Chapter 2 Introduction Literature Review This chapter will bring a clear idea about the factors that can influence consumer choice such as perceived services quality, choice of handset as well as international roaming and their relationship. In addition some previous researches will be included. Consumer Choice The GSM Association is an international organization founded in 1987, dedicated to providing, developing, and overseeing the worldwide wireless standard of GSM. CDMA was established earlier and thus has a bit more coverage than GSM. However GSM networks continue to make inroads in Yemen. There are camps on both sides that firmly believe either GSM or CDMA architecture is superior to the other, Richard (2009) stated that there is no clear winner in the CDMA and GSM it all depends on your needs. There are many factors that could influence on consumer choice patterns, different factors have different influence on consumer, and these factors should be taken into consideration in order to formulate consumer choice patterns. Mobile sector must focus on customer satisfaction as serious marketing strategies (Lim, and Widdows, 2006). Nadine (2001) examined that attitude of the respondents using cell phones was not influenced by either education or occupation and income. Haque (2007) suggested that coverage, service quality, data transfer speed, and choice of handset play a main role during the time to choose either GSM or CDMA technology. Chris (2006) noted that in recent years the telecommunications market has witnessed major developments, with rapid expansion in access to telecommunications networks and a surge in the number of available services and applications. While many factors have contributed to the transformation of the telecommunications industry, competition has played a key role in driving telecom industry to develop new techniques, to innovate and to offer new services. 5 With the advent of cellular phones doing double and triple duty as streaming video devices, podcast receivers and email devices, Simon (2007) Stated that speed in data transfer is important to those who use the phone for more than making calls. Other thing advertisement can take a place when choosing technology Kalpana (2006) found that advertisement play a dominant role in influencing the customers. Perceived Service Quality Perceived service quality defined as a global judgment or attitude relating to the superiority of the service and it’s the rank to which the technology provides key customer requirement and how reliable those requirement are delivered(NQRC,2001). Basically consumers are adapted to the services that either GSM or CDMA could provide Kumar (2005), in his study analyzed that, services plays a major role in the telecom industry are the most active and attractive. In addition the quality of service is a driving of choice Seth et al (2006), in his study analyzed that there is relative importance of service quality attributes and showed that responsiveness is the most importance dimension followed by reliability, customer perceived network quality, assurance, convenience. The development of a reliable and valid instrument for assessing customer perceived service quality for cellular mobile services. (Backlund and Holmqvist, 2006) pointed that customer choice is achieved through good qualitative and quantitative services. Customer choice normally can indicate to customer response to the state of satisfaction and customer opinion of satisfied condition (Oliver, 2003). Palkar (2004) proposed that perceived services is an important factor that has greater influence on costumer choice. (Serkan 2005) determined that the balance of power between service quality and customer satisfaction with an emphasis on these two constructs is the concept that is different from the view of customer. Zeithaml and Bitner, 2002, indicated that both service quality and customer satisfaction have some things in common. Furthermore, Fornell et. al. ,(1998) reported that satisfaction is a consequence of service quality. 6 Choice of handset Liu (2002) found that the choice of a cellular phone is characterized by two attitudes: attitude towards the mobile phone brand on one hand and attitude towards the network on the other. Samuvel (2002) observed that most of the respondents consider coverage area, quality of services are an important factors for selecting the either GSM or CDMA while majority of the respondents are considered that choice if handset is the most important factor. Kalus stated that If you travel a lot to foreign countries, then GSM phone is better for you. Also santos(2006) indicated that GSM phones work more widely across the world than do CDMA models. International Roaming This is when you connect to an overseas network and calls are routed via that network provider instead of your home provider. Johson(2002) defined roaming as extension of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered. Roaming ensures that the wireless device is kept connected to the network, without losing the connection. Roaming allows mobile wireless customers to automatically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or access other services, including home data services when they are outside of the area covered by their provider’s network regardless of their location. Forneil(2004) stated that roaming plays a major role in the quality of GSM/CDMA technology, Susan J. Campbell (2007) stated that there are number of different technology trends, but most significant is the rise of mobile roaming. Hypotheses The Hypotheses are developed based on Literature Review mentioned earlier to describe the relationship among these variables that influence on consumer choice. H1: There is positive/significant relationship between perceived services quality and consumer choice. H2: There is positive/significant relationship between international roaming and consumer choice. H3: There is positive/significant relationship between the choice of handset and consumer choice. 7 Chapter 3 Methodology ————————————————————————————————————————- Source of Data The study undertaken to be mainly based on the primary data and secondary data. The primary data is collected directly from the target respondents through tructured questionnaire and personal interview. The secondary data for the study is collected from different sources such as technical and trade journals, articles, newspapers, magazines, internet, books, reports. RESEARCH DESIGN First and the most important phase in determining method of this research is designing phase. This phase should be given serious attention to make sure that the research can be done without mistakes. Designing includes choosing the best method for collecting, measuring, analyzing data. Quantitative method such as survey method has been used for collection data. Research Framework Perceive service quality Choice of Handset Choice of Technology International Roaming 8 Population and Sampling Research The population of this study is all the consumers who has cellular phone which a huge amount of number, in this case we use Exploratory and Random sampling to analyze data. ? Data Collection The data is collected randomly irrespective of the category of the people in the form of questionnaire and the sample size is 100 respondents. Because it is a pilot study and due to time constraint the sample size is small. ? Data Analysis From the questionnaires we have distributed we got the following results: Q1) which technology do you use? Technology GSM CDMA No. of respondents 78 22 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 GSM CDMA 9 Interpretation: Above data analysis shows that majority of the consumers that is approximately 78% are covered by GSM technology. Based on this result we trying to know why GSM is more preferred. Q2) Overall, how would you rate you both technologies? GSM CDMA EXCELLENT GOOD 40 25 18 22 AVERAGE 13 20 FAIR 10 20 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 excellent Good Avg Fair GSM CDMA Interpretation: From the graphic it depict that GSM is the most excellent technology. 10 Q3) Rank the following factors which influenced you the most: Roaming QoS Choice of handset 92 8 DATA SPEED 32 68 Range of coverage 41 59 GSM CDMA 67 22 62 38 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 roaming Service handset coverage GSM CDMA Interpretation: Above data analysis shows that GSM is being preferred because of its services, the choice of handset and the strength of roaming. Where CDMA is preferred because of its good range of coverage. 11 Q4) Rank the following Service which attracted you the most for tour choice either GSM or CDMA Brand GSM CDMA SMS Pack 60 40 Call rate 45 65 Internet 70 30 Other 67 33 70 60 50 40 GSM 30 20 10 0 SMS call rate Internet other CDMA Interpretation: from chart above it shows that GSM is more preferred from because of its aspects of the services. Where CDMA is preferred because of its call rate. 12 Q5) How satisfied are you with your choice of GSM/CDMA technology? Brand GSM CDMA Very satisfied 35 20 satisfied 60 30 Neutral 0 15 issatisfied 0 0 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 very satisfied satisfied Neutral dissatisfied GSM CDMA Interpretation: Above data analysis shows that the satisfaction rate of technology is leaded by GSM as not a single user of service is neutral or dissatisfy. In other hand CDMA seems to be good satisfied with zero dissatisfies but there are around 15 respondents who are neutral. 13 Conclusion As per my analysis I noti ced that the main factors that makes GSM technology more preferred are the mobile choice of handset and the quality of service regardless the range of coverage and the price rate. Other thing I noticed that are the mobile choice of handset and the value of service has a strong relationship Conclusion of the topic is that maturity of customers is using GSM technology because of its good network roaming availability and quality of services and the wide choice of handset. Mostly customers have considered GSM is one of the best services provided in Yemen because other factors and efficient services. ? Time Schedule 15th February, 2012 Data Collection Problem Statement Objectives Literature Review Methodology Whole report 30th February , 2012 13th March, 20th March, 2012 2012 1 April, 2012 ? ? ? ? 14 ? References 1. Jallet, Frederic, intelecommunications†,(http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do; jsessionid=236E2B6B45CF101465D540FD4401AEB9? 2. Debnath, Roma Mitra, â€Å"Benchmarking telecommunication service in India†, 2008(http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=236E2 B6B45CF101465D540FD4401AEB 3 Rob ins, Fread, â€Å"The marketing of 3G†, vol 21, no 6, 2008 http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=236E2B6B45 CF101465D540FD4401AEB9? 4. Kalwani, Banumathy, â€Å"Consumer’s Attitude towards Cell phone Services†, 2006 . Fernandez, Fronnie, Understanding Dynamics in an Evolving 2007(http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=208652 7F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 6. Seth et, Etal, â€Å"Managing the Customer Perceived Service Quality for Cellular MobileTelephone: an Empirical Investigation†, 2008(http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=208652 7F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 7. Tecor, Jha, Understanding Mobile Phone Usage Pattern among CollegeGoers†,2008(http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid= 2086527F0757A565F9A6CBAC8800F658? 15 How to cite Why Gsm Tech Is More Preferred Than Cdma Tech in Yemen, Papers

Academic Literacies

Question: Discuss about theAcademic Literacies. Answer: Introduction: Michael Young first coined the term meritocracy in 1958. Australians are particularly inclined towards the idea of being meritocratic. Meritocracy, in recent definitions, is the philosophy of providing rewards and benefits to the person having the most suitable ability, qualification and talent (Erman Walton, 2014). From 1850s, the Australian government started establishing public universities with the intention of encouraging meritocracy by providing proper training and qualifications. In the beginning, the service was only extended to the males of the urban middle class society. It gradually started to include graduates of different religious, regional and social background, then women and racial minorities. However, some studies suggest that Australia is not that meritocratic as it thinks itself to be. Being unmeritocratic means providing rewards to people who are already privileged. This essay intends to show if Australia is at all meritocratic or not, focusing specially on the context of female meritocracy levels, with the help of relevant theories and researches (Arora, 2016). Meritocratic or Non-Meritocratic Several Anglophone Countries like England, Australia, and United States have implemented the policies to get access to higher education. The government policies regarding such concerns are mainly highlighting the improvement of the social mobility, meritocracy, and social inclusion (Ragusa Groves, 2012). In considering such initiatives, it is notified that the people from diversified background will be able to access the higher education programme in a better way (Catherine Hill, 2016). It is noted that the equity policy in the Australian tertiary education is classified into several divisions, such as vocational sector, training sector, educational sector, and higher education field. Australians are much fond of the ideas that defines the meritocracy and synonymous with fairness. The maintenance of the equality is necessary in order to strengthen the national reputation and national character. In fact, each of the citizens seeks preferences for the students of all background and di versified genders. However, Luke Sayers, the CEO of PwC Australia presented his argument over such discrepancy that is foreseen in the higher education process. He exclaimed that whereas meritocracy defines the distribution of merits to all sector of the population, it also signifies several flaws in the system (Ragusa Groves, 2012). In fact, it is also notified that the process is not doing the expected justice while considering the richly diverse tapestry that is offered by the Australian community ("Australian Social Trends, Sep 2012", 2016). However, it is a wide spread view that has become the major concern in other country. Accordingly, if pointing out the Australian education system, it can be seen that several challenges are still the major obstacles. Especially, the discrimination is found in educating the women in the country, the lack of meritocracy has become one of the prominent features. Firstly, it is predicted that the higher education should be distributed by ignoring entire demographic barriers. The quality will then be considered as merit. According to Wheelan (2016), meritocracy is usually influenced by the level playing field. If concentrated on the previous scenario, it can be noted that the leaders were selected by depending on the merit. Moreover, the number of women selected as the leaders was very less. This discrimination is clearly stating that the eligible women for such leadership positions are usually excluded. Another most prominent challenge faced in this merit process is based on the potentiality of the performance (Cuervo, 2012). Women were excluded from this criterion, which signifies the biggest discrimination. If concentrated on the statistical report in the year of 2014, it is seen that almost 40% of the boards of companies, which are listed under ASX, excluded women. It was seen that almost 3.5% of the females were seen with a huge margin of the gender pay gap (Businessinsider.com.au, 2015). In comparing such merit process of other countries, the women receive equal positions at every institution. However, in Australia, this ratio division is different. Such issues regarding the diversified merit process has become the major concern in the country. In this current scenario, it is noted that the Prime Minister appointed five female candidates as the cabinet members and defence minister for the first time. Therefore, the argument continues regarding the meritocracy in Australia. Malcolm Turnbull also presented the argument that in this current time, the line-up is completely decided on the basis of merit. Sayers, in such regards, expressed his opposed views. He stated, Clearly, its not a level playing field for women, people from diverse cultural backgrounds or anyone else who doesnt fit the mould of a leader that is ingrained in our cultures, or institutions, our systems, and our processes (Businessinsider.com.au, 2015). Such statement over the merit process is quite argu mentative in concerning the trend of meritocracy in the country. He also pointed out that if the education system needs to overcome the problem, the first and foremost step is to eliminate the thought of bias-free merit process. It is clearly portrayed as the major and most significant barrier to diversity. The above discussion is thus highlighting that the higher education process maintained in Australian university requires look beyond the bias-free meritocracy. It is important to mention that the technical and further education institutes in Australia have undertaken several initiatives regarding the distribution of equal place to males and females (Ragusa Groves, 2012). The higher education will thus be provided to all diversified candidates. Therefore, the future job oriented positions will be provided to both the men and women equally. The emergence of the vocational education is also creating the platform for high education. Studies show that women graduates have a propensity of showing more participation in the labor force if they have a high school qualification, compared to those without a non-school certification. Womens participation increased with the standard of the non-school certification obtained. Age also plays an important role, as younger women are more inclined to toil and attain proper education and training for any particular role ("Australian Social Trends, Sep 2012", 2016). In addition, qualified women have a tendency of remaining employed than less qualified women. The ABS survey on education and work conducted in 2011 shows that 84 per cent of highly qualified women are employed compared to 62 per cent without non-school qualification. Australias overall improvement in the education structure, the level of education in the population and the better employment condition shows that they are pro-meritocracy (Norton, 2012). In addition, women have progressed and are doing better than men are. Qualifications attained by the young people in present day Australia provide the trainings required for a particular vocation to better their career goals. Policy makers think that providing better vocational trainings to the unadvantaged, the unprivileged, and the indigenous population, especially women, would provide them with a chance to grow and access knowledge that would supply them with personal and professional benefits both. The difference in the salaries and jobs comes because men are more inclined to graduate in high ranked fields, like engineering, compared to women, who are more bent to graduate in middle ranked domains like teaching (Todd Preston, 2012). The indigenous people of Australia have been forever deprived. However, improving conditions of the education sector and the job market opportunities are opening new gateways for them too. Other than the indigenous and deprived scholars, immigrant students are also receiving better opportunities. They are even utilizin g these opportunities and performing well, and sometimes better than the local students (Donnelly, 2015). Even the universities are including diverse subjects in their curriculum as they consider it their responsibility to maintain equity and encourage meritocracy (Scott, 2015). While even now some gender disparities in the sorts of non-school qualifications attained by the male and female population are there, the growing number of females who take on further education has received many profits for both the female population and the Australian employment market. Conclusion The whole essay approaches meritocracy to understand if it is present in Australia or not, and how much the universities are following this philosophy in the context of women scholars. It was found that meritocracy is widely accepted and followed in Australia. Conditions for women have improved, as they are receiving more job opportunities de the pursuing of higher education in diverse domains. The higher education process maintained in Australian university requires look beyond the bias-free meritocracy. Institutes in Australia have undertaken several initiatives and development programs to initiate better distribution of equal place to males and females. In comparing such merit oriented processes undertaken, the women are receiving equal positions at every institution, compared to past situations. Higher education will thus be provided to all kinds of candidates, even the ethnic minorities and the indigenous people in Australia. Therefore, the future job oriented positions will be provided to both the men and women equally. The emergence of the vocational education is also creating the platform for high education. This is, in turn, generating better job opportunities for all graduates, and improving the labour market condition of Australia. References 4102.0-Australian Social Trends, Sep 2012. (2016). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Sep+2012#HIGHER Arora, N. (2016). Meritocracy in Education: An Implicit Theory Perspective. Businessinsider.com.au, (2015). This CEO reveals the two biggest problems behind Australia's meritocracy. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/this-ceo-reveals-the-two-biggest-problems-behind-australias-meritocracy-2015-9 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Catherine Hill, P., (2016). Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. [online] AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881. Available at: https://www.aauw.org/research/why-so-few/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Cuervo, H. (2012). From egalitarianism to meritocracy: The spatial metamorphosis of social justice in youth transition to adulthood. InThe Second ISA Forum of Sociology (August 1-4, 2012). Isaconf. Donnelly, D. (2015). Australia's great divide: who values education. The Age. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://www.theage.com.au/national/education/australias-great-divide-who-values-education-20150204-1369ga.html Erman, S., Walton, G. M. (2014). Stereotype Threat and Antidiscrimination Law: Affirmative Steps to Promote Meritocracy and Racial Equality in Education.S. Cal. L. Rev.,88, 307. Norton, A. (2012). Mapping Australian higher education.Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Grattan Institute. Retrieved June,12, 2012. Ragusa, A. T., Groves, P. (2012). Gendered Meritocracy? Women Senior Counsels in Australia's legal profession'.Australian Journal of Gender and Law,1, 1-18. Scott, P. (2015). Meritocracy is in retreat in 21st-century higher education | Peter Scott. the Guardian. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/01/higher-education-class-degree-university-inequality Todd, P., Preston, A. (2012). Gender pay equity in Australia: where are we now and where are we heading?.Australian Bulletin of Labour,38(3), 251. Wheelan, L., (2016). College for all in Anglophone countries meritocracy or social inequality? An Australian example. Taylor and Francis Online, 21(1).